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1/ Although/ though/ even though / Much as ( Mặc dù) + clause ( Mệnh đề)
Eg : - Although / though / even though he was tired, he tried to finish his work.
= He tried to finish work although/ though/ even though he was tired. ( Mặc dù anh ấy mệt nhưng anh ấy vẫn cố gắng làm xong việc)
2/ Despite/ In spite of ( Mặc dù) + sth/ doing sth
Eg : - Despite/ In spite of being tired, he tried to finish his work. (Mặc dù anh ấy mệt nhưng anh ấy vẫn cố gắng làm xong việc)
- Despite/ In spite of the bad weather, we still set off. ( Mặc dù thời tiết xấu nhưng chúng tôi vẫn khởi hành)
- Although his leg was broken, he managed to get home before night.( Mặc dù chân đau nhưng anh ấy vẫn về nhà trước khi trời tối)
= Despite/ In spite of his broken leg, he ...................
= Despite/ In spite of his leg being broken, he ..........
= Despite the fact that his leg was broken, he ...........
In spite of
3/ Because/ As / Since + clause ( Bởi vì)
Eg : - Because / As/ Since she was tired she went to bed early.( Bởi vì mệt cho nên cô đi ngủ sớm)
= She went to bed early for she was tired.
* Notes : Because of + nouns / V-ing
Eg : - We had to stay at home because it was raining.( Chúng tôi phải ở nhà vì trời đang mưa)
= Because of the rain, we had to stay at home. ( Chúng tôi phải ở nhà vì trời mưa)
- Because I felt tired, I went to bed early. = Because of feeling tired, I went to bed early.
4/ So that + clause ( Để ...)
Eg : - I speak slowly so that they can understand. ( Tôi nói chậm để họ hiểu)
5/ In order to/ So as to ( Để ..)
* In order / So as to do sth ( Để làm gì )
Eg :- I wrote a letter to my mother so as to / in order to inform her of my new job.
( Tôi viết thư cho mẹ để thông báo về công việc mới của tôi)
* In order / So as not to do sth ( Để không làm gì)
Eg : - I walked in quietly in order / so as not to wake the children up. (Tôi đi khẽ vào để không đánh thức lũ trẻ)
* In order for sb to do sth ( Để cho ai làm gì)
Eg : - I speak slowly in order for them to understand.( Tôi nói chậm để họ hiểu)
6/ Furthermore, besides, moreover, what's more ( Ngoài ra)
Eg : - The coat is soft. Besides, it is warm. ( Cái áo khoác thì mềm. Ngoài ra nó còn ấm.)
Furthermore,
Moreover,
What's more
7/ But (nhưng), however, nevertheless (tuy nhiên)
Eg : - He is rich but mean. ( Anh ta giàu có nhưng keo kiệt)
- He is from Brazil but he can't play football.
- They hadn't trained hard; but/however/ nevertheless they won.
- He had no qualifications, but he got the job.
8/ Whereas, while ( Trong khi, ngược lại)
Eg : - Mr Pike is very generous while / whereas his wife is very mean.
9/ So, therefore, consequently ( Do đó , cho nên, vì thế )
Eg : - It started to rain, so we went home.
- He came back late, therefore his father got angry.
10/ And ( Và )
Eg : - I play football and tennis.
- I want you to buy that house and move there.
11/ Not only ... but also ...( Không những mà còn)
* Dùng với động từ : - They not only lent me their car but also offered me a meal.
( Họ không những cho tôi mượn xe mà còn mời tôi ăn)
* Dùng với danh từ : - Mike plays not only football but also tennis.
*Dùng với trạng từ : - She writes not only correctly but also neatly.
*Dùng vớicụm giới từ : - The Beatles are famous not only in their country but also in other countries.
*Dùng với tính từ: - He's not only intelligent but also handsome
12/ As well as ( Cũng như)
* Đi với danh từ : - The teacher, as well as his students, is going to the concert.
( Thầy giáo cùng với học sinh đi nghe hòa nhạc)
- My children, as well as my neighbour, are going to the stadium this afternoon.Þ Động từ chia cho danh từ đứng trước.
*Đi với V-ing : - She works in a company as well as writing books for children.
( Cô ấy làm việc cho một công ty đồng thời còn viết sách cho trẻ em)
* Đi với tính từ : - He's not only intelligent but also handsome = He's intelligent as well as handsome.
13/ Both .....and... *Đi với tính từ
Eg : - He's both intelligent and handsome.
*Đi với danh từ
Eg : - Both Nam and Hoa want to go the theatre.( Cả Nam và Hoa đều muốn đi xem hát)
14/ Either ... or ...( Hoặc cái này hoặc cái kia)
* Dùng với danh từ làm tân ngữ
- You can take either this hat or that one.( Cậu có thể lấy cái mũ này hoặc cái kia)
* Dùng với mệnh đề
- Either you apologise or I'll say good bye to you.( Hoặc là anh xin lỗi hoặc là tôi phải nói lời chia tay)
* Dùng với danh từ làm chủ ngữ
- Either John or his friends have to go. ® Động từ chia cho danh từ đứng sau.
15/ Neither ... nor ....( Không cái này và cũng không cái kia)
* Dùng với danh từ làm chủ ngữ
- Neither John nor Mary is going to class today.
- Neither John nor his cousins are going to ........
Þ Động từ chia cho danh từ đứng sau.
* Dùng với động từ
- She can't read and she can't write either. = She can neither read nor write.
* Dùng với danh từ làm tân ngữ
- She can speak neither English nor French.
PHẦN 2. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
Exercise 1
1. She's not only beautiful_________ intelligent.
a. but also b. but c. however d. yet
2. I was very tired, ________ I determined to walk on to the next village.
a. therefore b. however c. and d. or
3. You can come here either on Monday__________ on Friday.
a. or b. nor c. both d. and
4. He had to act immediately; ________ he would have been too late.
a. consequently b. nevertheless c. still d. otherwise
5. They said both he_________ I were to come.
a. and b. but c. or d. so
6. The weather in Dalat is neither too hot in summer________ too cold in winter.
a. or b. nor c. or else d. otherwise
7. Jane is beautiful and intelligent________
a. too b. so c. both d. moreover
8. Jane is beautiful and intelligent; ________ she's very kind.
a. moreover b. however c. for all that d. on the other hand
9. He never works_______ he gains all the prizes.
a. furthermore b. whereas c. but d. accordingly
10. The sun is shining and there are very few clouds; _______, I am sure it is going to rain.
a. what's more b. hence c. thus d. nevertheless
11. Bill is in class 12, _______ John, who is a year older, is only in class 4.
a. and b. whereas c. either d. nevertheless
12. You must leave at once, ________ you miss the train.
a. however b. yet c. still d. otherwise
13. You need to get some job retraining. _______ it, you risk being laid off.
a. If so b. If not c. With d. Without
14. Could I have rice_______ potatoes, please?
a. but b. but also c. instead d. instead of
15. _______His denial, we knew that he was guilty.
a. Despite b. In spite c. Because d. And
16. John's family is very happy_______his being a warded a scholarship.
a. because of b. if c. either d. nor
17. Graphite is a soft, slippery solid that is a good conductor of_______ hear and electricity.
a. not just b. and c. both d. moreover
18. The lecture was _______ interesting and instructive.
a. as b. either c. neither d. both
19. Both Mary and Allen_______Jean are going on the tour.
a. as well b. as well as c. nor d. but
20. He likes travel, and_______ does she.
a. too b. such c. so d. but
Exercise 2
1. I'm worried about it, and he is_______
a. too b. also c. but also d. a or b
2. He borrowed money_______ he could finish his education.
a. that b. so that c. such as d. too
3. The temperature drops_______ the sun sets.
a. while b. for c. because d. when
4. Some birds cannot fly well, _______, the chicken has wings, but its flying muscles are not strong enough to be useful.
a. for example b. for instance c. such as d. a or b
5. The missing piece is small, _______ nevertheless important.
a. or b. but c. and d. so
6. I'm very homesick_______ a student a broad.
a. as b. while c. because of d. due to
7. Just_______ he died, my friend who wrote poetry published his first book.
a. but b. either c. and d. before
8. Blindfish, which spend their whole lives in caves, have _______ eyes nor body pigments.
a. not any b. either c. nor d. without
9. _______their small size, the cameras take good pictures.
a. In spite of b. Despite of c. Because d. And
10. She could not decide_______ to drive_______ to jump into water.
a. both/ or b. not only/ but also c. either/ or d. whether/or
11. Flying is not only faster, _______ safer than traveling by car.
a. also b. so c. and d. but also
12. Beth can play the guitar_______ the violin.
a. also b. so c. but also d. and
13. _______his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.
a. Although b. In spite of c. Despite d. b or c
14. I like bananas, _______ my brother doesn’t
a. because b. and c. but d. even though
15. Glucose does not have to be digested, _______ it can be put directly into the bloodstream.
a. so b. while c. and since d. such
16. _______few species that live on the ground, most monkeys live in tress.
a. There are b. A c. All but d. Except for
17. She closed the door_______ left for the city.
a. and b. but c. or d. therefore
18. The mail comes at ten o'clock every day_______ Sunday.
a. except b. although c. or d. and
19. We need wither a nail_______ a screw to hang this picture.
a. and b. or c. both d. but
20. You had better come yourself_______ send a friend.
a. either b. neither c. or else d. while
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